Comparison of Cognitive and Behavioural Problems and Psychiatric Diagnoses in Preterm Born Children between 6-13 Years Old
Comparación de problemas cognitivos y conductuales y diagnósticos psiquiátricos en niños prematuros entre 6 y 13 años
Rahime Hülya Bingöl Çağlayan, Burcu Gökalp Ozcan, Mine Elagöz Yüksel, Irem Hamamcioglu Yanardoner, Veysi Çeri, Merve Minkari Tunçay, Fatma Çölkesen Pamukcu, Güneş Özen Urcan, Tuğba Erener Ercan, Burak Dogangün
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the increased survival rates follow up studies of preterm born children have documented increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disabilities and cognitive deficits. By using psychiatric assessment, we aimed to evaluate cognitive functions by comparing preterm born babies according to the week of gestation by comparing the scores of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised Form (WISC-R) in childhood.
Material and methods: Children with a history of birth as preterm babies between 1998-2004 were included in the study. The children born between 27-36 weeks, currently 6-13 years old were admitted to the study. The controls consisted of healthy children chosen from the nearest primary school. The WISC-R test was administered to all children. Classification was made according to gestational age. The comparison of cognitive functions was performed by comparing the WISC-R scores of the preterm group and the control group.
Results: 238 children were included in our prospective study. (case group: 175 children, control group: 63 children). Because of the comparison of the WISC-R scores of the preterm and control groups, the WISC-R verbal score and WISC-R total score were found to be statistically significant between the preterm and control groups. In the analysis made according to the gestation age, no statistical significance was found between the WISC-R Verbal, WISC-R performance, and WISC-R total scores according to the week of gestation. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of previous and current psychiatric diagnoses.
Conclusions: While the WISC-R score was, found to be statistically significantly higher in the case group compared to controls. Our results differed from those in the literature that preterm children had a lower WISC-R score and it indicates the need to investigate this situation by further studies, even by different tests.
Keywords
Resumen
Introducción: A pesar del aumento de las tasas de supervivencia, los estudios de seguimiento de niños prematuros han documentado una mayor prevalencia de discapacidades del neurodesarrollo y déficits cognitivos. Mediante el uso de la evaluación psiquiátrica, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar las funciones cognitivas comparando los bebés prematuros según la semana de gestación comparando los puntajes de la Escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para niños-Forma revisada (WISC-R) en la infancia.
Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio niños con antecedentes de parto prematuro entre 1998-2004. Los niños nacidos entre 27 y 36 semanas, actualmente de 6 a 13 años, fueron admitidos en el estudio. Los controles consistieron en niños sanos elegidos de la escuela primaria más cercana. La prueba WISC-R se administró a todos los niños. La clasificación se hizo de acuerdo a la edad gestacional. La comparación de las funciones cognitivas se realizó comparando las puntuaciones WISC-R del grupo de prematuros y el grupo control.
Resultados: 238 niños fueron incluidos en nuestro estudio prospectivo. (grupo de casos: 175 niños, grupo de control: 63 niños). Debido a la comparación de las puntuaciones de WISC-R de los grupos de control y de prematuros, se encontró que la puntuación verbal de WISC-R y la puntuación total de WISC-R eran estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de control y de prematuros. En el análisis realizado según la edad de gestación, no se encontró significancia estadística entre las puntuaciones del WISC-R Verbal, WISC-R de rendimiento y WISC-R total según la semana de gestación. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en términos de diagnósticos psiquiátricos previos y actuales.
Conclusiones: Si bien la puntuación WISC-R fue estadísticamente significativamente mayor en el grupo de casos en comparación con los controles. Nuestros resultados difieren de los de la literatura en que los niños prematuros tienen un puntaje WISC-R más bajo e indica la necesidad de investigar esta situación mediante más estudios, incluso mediante diferentes pruebas.
Palabras clave
References
1. Volpe JJ. Brain injury in premature infants: a complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(1):110-24. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70294-1.
2. Martin JA, Kung HC, Mathews TJ, Hoyert DL, Strobino DM, Guyer B, et al. Annual summary of vital statistics: 2006. Pediatrics. 2008;121(4):788-801. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3753.
3. Woodward LJ, Edgin JO, Thompson D, Inder TE. Object working memory deficits predicted by early brain injury and development in the preterm infant. Brain. 2005;128(Pt 11):2578-87. doi: 10.1093/brain/awh618.
4. Strauss RS. Adult functional outcome of those born small for gestational age: twenty-six-year follow-up of the 1970 British Birth Cohort. JAMA. 2000;283(5):625-32. doi: 10.1001/jama.283.5.625.
5. Zwicker JG, Harris SR. Quality of life of formerly preterm and very low birth weight infants from preschool age to adulthood: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2008;121(2):e366-76. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-0169.
6. Dalziel SR, Lim VK, Lambert A, McCarthy D, Parag V, Rodgers A, et al. Psychological functioning and health-related quality of life in adulthood after preterm birth. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49(8):597-602. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00597.x.
7. Chapieski ML, Evankovich KD. Behavioral effects of prematurity. Semin Perinatol. 1997;21(3):221-39. doi: 10.1016/s0146-0005(97)80065-1.
8. Ottem E. The structures of the WISC-R subtests: a comparison of the IQ-profiles of reading impaired and autistic subjects. Scand J Psychol. 1999;40(1):1-9. doi: 10.1111/1467-9450.00092.
9. Savaşır I, Şahin, N. Wechsler çocuklar için zeka ölçeği (WISC-R) uygulama kitapçığı. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği; 1995.
10. Çelik C, Yiğit İ, Erden G, Vural MA. Zihinsel gelişim geriliği olan çocuklarda Wechsler Çocuklar İçin Zekâ Ölçeği Geliştirilmiş Formunun faktör yapısının incelenmesi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi. 2016;23(1):17-28.
11. Çelik C, Yiğit İ, Erden G. Wechsler Çocuklar İçin Zekâ Ölçeği Geliştirilmiş Formunun Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi: Normal zihinsel gelişim gösteren çocukların oluşturduğu bir örneklem. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları.2015;18(35):21-9.
12. Gökler B, Ünal F, Pehlivantürk B, Kültür EÇ, Akdemir D, Taner Y. [Reliability and Validity of Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children--Present and Lifetime Version--Turkish Version (K-SADS-PL-T)].Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağliği Dergisi. 2004;11(3):109-16.
13. Dumenci L, Erol N, Achenbach TM, Simsek Z. Measurement structure of the Turkish translation of the Child Behavior Checklist using confirmatory factor analytic approaches to validation of syndromal constructs. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2004;32(3):335-40. doi: 10.1023/b:jacp.0000026146.67290.07.
14. Tanrıöver S, Kaya N, Tüzün Ü, Aydoğmuş K. Çocuk psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran çocukların demografik özellikleri ile ilgili bir çalışma. Düşünen Adam Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi 1992;5:13-9.
15. Epir N. Bir çocuk sağlığı kliniğine başvuran çocuklarla ilgili incelemeler. 10. Milli Psikiyatrik ve Nörolojik Bilimler Kongresi Özet Kitabı. 1974;161-4.
16. Sonuvar B, Yörükoğlu A, Öktem F, Akyıldız S. Hacettepe çocuk ruh sağlığı kliniğinde iki yıl içinde görülen çocukların demografik özellikleri. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1982;13:33-9.
17. Yöntem Fidan T. [Assessment of Mental Symptoms and Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents Who Admitted to the ChildAdolescent Psychiatry Clinic]. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2011;3(1):1-8.
18. Ersöz Alan B. Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran hastaların başvuru biçimi, şikayet, tanı ve eştanı dağılımları. Turk Clin Lab. 2019;10(4):484-91. doi: 10.18663/tjcl.511659.
19. Akdemir D, Çuhadaroğlu Çetin F. Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi bölümüne başvuran ergenlerin klinik özellikleri. Çocuk Genç Ruh Sağlığı Derg. 2008;15(1):5-13.
20. Türkoğlu S. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Polikliniğine Başvuran Hastalarda Tanı Dağılımları. Selçuk Tıp Derg. 2014;30:118-22.
21. Fritsch G, Winkler E, Flanyek A, Müller WD. [Neurologic, psychologic and logopedic follow-up of 6 to 8-year-old former premature infants with a birth weight below 1,501 g]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1986;134(9):687-91.
22. Soria-Pastor S, Padilla N, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Botet F, Costas-Moragas C, et al. Decreased regional brain volume and cognitive
impairment in preterm children at low risk. Pediatrics. 2009;124(6):e1161-70. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0244.
23. Marlow N, Wolke D, Bracewell MA, Samara M; EPICure Study Group. Neurologic and developmental disability at six years of age after extremely preterm birth. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(1):9-19. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa041367.
24. Savcı F, Bıçakçı M. [Opinions of Motherswith Premature Childrenat Risk or Non-Risk For Language Development Delaysto Regarded to Communicate with Their Children]. Çocuk ve Gelişim Dergisi. 2019;2(4):26-43. doi: 10.36731/cg.658558.
25. Arhan E, Gücüyener K, Soysal Ş, Şalvarlı Ş, Gürses MA, Serdaroğlu A, et al. Regional brain volume reduction and cognitive outcomes in preterm children at low risk at 9 years of age. Childs Nerv Syst. 2017;33(8):1317-1326. doi: 10.1007/s00381-017-3421-2.
26. Peterson BS, Vohr B, Staib LH, Cannistraci CJ, Dolberg A, Schneider KC, et al. Regional brain volume abnormalities and long-term cognitive outcome in preterm infants. JAMA. 2000;284(15):1939-47. doi: 10.1001/jama.284.15.1939.
27. Delobel-Ayoub M, Arnaud C, White-Koning M, Casper C, Pierrat V, Garel M, et al. Behavioral problems and cognitive performance at 5 years of age after very preterm birth: the EPIPAGE Study. Pediatrics. 2009;123(6):1485-92. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-1216.
28. Aylward GP. Cognitive and neuropsychological outcomes: more than IQ scores. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2002;8(4):234-40. doi: 10.1002/mrdd.10043.
29. Fedrizzi E, Zuccarino ML, Vizziello P. Clinical problems in neurodevelopmental diagnosis: a 7-year neurological and psychological follow-up study of low risk preterm infants. Ital J Neurol Sci. 1986;Suppl 5:117-26.
30. Abalı O, Durukan M, Mukaddes NM, Polvan O. [The Assessment of Patients at the Child Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic]. Haseki Tıp Bülteni. 2006;44:1-7.
31. Durukan İ, Karaman D, Kara K, Türker T, Tufan AE, Yalçın Ö, et al. Diagnoses of patients referring to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. Dusunen Adam. 2011;24:113-20.
32. Sarı BA. Batman’da çocuk psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda belirti ve tanı dağılımları. Klin Psikiyatr Derg 2013;16:7-17.
33. Sevgen HF, Altun H. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Polikliniğine Başvuran 0-5 Yaş Arası Çocukların Başvuru Şikayetleri ve Psikiyatrik Tanıları. Journal of Mood Disorders. 2017;7(4):205-11. doi: 10.5455/jmood.20170806023012.
34. Çak Esen HT, Gökler B. Erken doğan çocuklarda dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve ilişkili doğum öncesi risk etkenleri. Türk Pediatri Arşivi. 2013;48:4. doi: 10.4274/tpa.682.
Submitted date:
01/29/2022
Reviewed date:
02/20/2022
Accepted date:
04/30/2022
Publication date:
06/26/2022
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email